Full and Final Settlement
As Full and Final settlement is the financial closure between employees and employers, it occurs after their employment ends with a company. It helps in the calculation and payment of final salary, based on unused leaves, bonuses, and other statutory benefits, while also accounting for any outstanding deductions or recoveries of company assets. Hence, it is beneficial for both the employees and the employers, concluding their relationship on a positive note.
Full and Final Settlement Guide
What is Full and Final Settlement?
Full and Final Settlement (FnF) is the process of calculating and paying all outstanding dues to an employee who is leaving the organization. It ensures that all dues are cleared, including salaries, bonuses, incentives, etc., ensuring that all financial obligations are settled.
FnF is essential for HR workflow as it helps them evaluate and pay employees’ dues after their exit from the organization. With the help of robust payroll software, they can pay the exact amount, resulting in satisfied employees and enhancing the company’s image.
When an employee completes their notice period by handing over their documents, assets, and knowledge acquired during their term of service, along with no contractual obligation, they are entitled to receive the full and final settlement clearance from their company. You can also utilize an employee management system to ensure that your employees are paid on time.
Components of Full and Final Settlement
The major components of Full and Final Settlement include:
1. Unpaid Salary
Unpaid salary is the outstanding wages of the exiting employee that are not paid during their employment. Salary earned during the notice period or any arrears due from the preceding month of employment are considered unpaid salary.
2. Additional Earnings
It includes various allowances and bonuses provided apart from the basic employee’s salary during their term of service like:
- Personal Development Allowance
- Transport Allowance
- Leave Encashments
- Statutory Bonus
- Additional Incentives
- Redundancy Pay, and more
3. Gratuity
The Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972 has laid certain rules for the payment of gratuity amounts. It is paid to employees who have completed 5 years of continuous term in an organization.
By law, the government has made it mandatory for organizations to pay gratuity within 30 days of an employee’s exit; otherwise, a simple interest is required to be paid from the due date till the date of payment by the employer.
Companies deduct 4.81% from the employee’s salary and pay it during the exit of an employee as the gratuity amount. As the gratuity paid to employees is a part of their salaries, it is eligible for income tax deductions. However, it is subject to limited deductions due to various exemptions laid by the government.
4. Deductions
Any tax liability that is eligible for income tax is deducted from the full and final settlement payment. Under the Income Tax Act of 1961, a TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is deducted from the components that are qualified for taxation. These deductions include PF, ESI (if applicable), income tax, etc. However, gratuity and leave encashments are exempted from TDS.
Step-by-Step Full and Final Settlement Process
The process of Full and Final Settlement is conducted according to the specifications of the company’s policies. A general flow of the FnF Settlement Process is:
Step 1. Resignation Acceptance
Accepting the employee’s resignation is the first step of the full and final settlement process in which the company accepts the request of the employee to leave the organization. It can be undertaken easily with the help of a ESS portal within modern HRMS software.
Step 2. Sharing Acceptance Letter
After receiving the resignation letter from the employee, the employer sends an acceptance letter to acknowledge the exit date and commence the process of full and final settlement accordingly.
Step 3. Assets Handover
The next step is the handover of all official gadgets and access cards provided to the employee during their term of employment with the organization. The employees are expected to return the assets intact along with any credentials.
Step 4. Collecting Clearances
Different departments like IT, HR, Finance, and Admin provide clearances after verifying the recoverable from the employee. It ensures zero data theft and maintains the confidentiality of the company.
Step 5. FnF Settlement Letter & Service Certificate
After getting the required clearances, the full and final settlement is processed and released within 30-45 days of the employee’s exit. Additionally, an experience certificate is also provided to the employee for investing their knowledge and skills in the company.
What are the Rules for FnF settlement?
India’s New Labour Codes, 2025, enacted the Code of Wages, 2019, which contains the following clause under Section 17(2):
‘Where an employee has been removed or dismissed from service, or retrenched or has resigned from service, or became unemployed due to closure of the establishment, the wages payable to him shall be paid within two working days of his removal, dismissal, retrenchment or, as the case may be, his resignation.’
In simple terms, it states that all dues should be cleared within 2 working days from the date of resignation, termination, retrenchment, or shutdown.
FnF Settlement Calculation
The FnF is calculated by adding multiple components of FnF, such as final salary, leave encashment, pro-rata bonuses and incentives, gratuity, and other reimbursements, if required. Similarly, deductions such a TDS, loans, etc. are removed from the sum derived to arrive at the final amount, which is disbursed to the employee.
The FnF settlement is calculated by summing up all outstanding dues, like:
- Unpaid salary = days worked * gross salary / 26
- Leave encashment = unused leaves * daily basic salary / 26
- Pro-rata bonuses
- Gratuity = (last drawn salary x 15 x years of service) / 30
- Reimbursements.
The calculation also involves the subtraction of various amounts the employee may owe the company, such as:
- TDS
- Outstanding Loans
- Outstanding Salary Advances
- Asset recovery charges
- Other dues, if any.
Full and Final Settlement Letter Format
The FnF settlement format for payslip does not have any specific format to be uniformly followed by all the establishments.
Full and Final Settlement letter
FAQs on Full and Final Settlement
When is Full and Final Settlement Required?
The full and final settlement is required at the time of termination of employment. It ensures that the employees are paid their financial dues, such as final salary, bonuses, incentives, leave encashment, etc., while also recovering assets and any fines incurred.
What is the new rule for employee Full and Final Settlement?
The new rule for employee full and final settlement states that all dues should be paid by the company within 2 working days from the last working date of the employee.
What is the Full and Final Settlement time period?
The full and final settlement time period is the time within which the employer is liable to clear the dues and obligations of the exiting employees. last working day to settle their FnF.
What is the full form of FnF?
The full form of FnF is full and final settlement. It refers to the process to clear the dues of employees which includes their salaries. unused paid leave encashments, bonuses, compensations, deductions, etc.
Is Gratuity paid in Full and Final Settlement?
Yes, gratuity is included in the full and final settlement. It is a major component that is evaluated in the process of fnf. Under the Payment of Gratuity Act, of 1972, Gratuity is paid to employees who have completed 5 years of continuous term in an organization without any gap in between. Most companies deduct 4.81% from the employee’s salary and pay it during the exit of an employee as the gratuity amount.
What if FnF is not settled in 45 days?
According to Indian Labour Laws, Full and Final settlement should be completed within 2 days of the last working day of the employee. It is common practice for Indian organizations to provide FnF within 30 to 45 days from the last working date. However, if they fail to provide it even after 45 days, the employee can take legal action against the company.
What are the clearances required to process FnF?
To process FnF, employees need to get clearances from different departments, including:
- HR team for notice period completion, exit interview, etc.
- Finance team for final settlement calculations, including salary, bonuses, etc.
- IT team for IT-related assets like laptops, accessories, etc.
- Administrative team for company assets like ID cards, access cards, etc.
What are the documents required during FnF Settlement?
The documents required during FnF settlement include:
- Resignation Letter
- Acceptance Letter
- Employment Letter
- Form 16
- Previous Payslips
- No Dues Certificate
- Reimbursement Claim Forms
- Asset Return Record
- Handover Form
- FnF Settlement Statement
Does FnF include last month's salary?
Yes, FnF includes last month’s salary. It includes the pro-rata salary for the exact number of days worked in the final month of employment.